Fuel injector



S. A. HASBROUCK.

'FUEL INJECTOR. APPLICATION m n my 1. m9.

MM June 6, 1922-.

STEPHEN A. HASBROUCK, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

. FUEL INJECTOR.

T all whom it may concern Be it known that I, STEPHEN A. HAS- nRoUcK, a citizen of the United States. residing at New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements.

in Fuel Injectors, of which the following is a'specification, reference being had there-,

in t0 the accompanying drawings.

a This invention relates to new and usefulimprovements in fuel injectors, having more particular referenceito means for admitting liquid fuel into the cylinder of an in ternal combustion engine.

It is the object of this invention, among other things, to provide means .whereby the fuel may be injected into the cylinder in a spray orflmist of maximum area by mechanism that is simple to operate and will permit the starting of the engine at a low pressure and when cold. v

To these, and other ends, my invention consists in the'fuel injector, having certain details of construction and combinations of parts, as will be hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the-claims. v

Referring to the drawings,.in which like iimnerals of reference designate like parts :in the several figures; v Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of an in- 'ternal combustion engine havingmy new v and improved device connected therewith;

Figure 2v is an enlarged detail view of a modified form of inlet plug; and

Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the parts adjacent to the valve and its seat.

' In the drawings and description herein the improvement is shown and described as applied to a single cylinderengine but it may be used with equal advantage in multiple. cylinder engines.

This invention has advantageously been combined with the fuel pump, thereby eliminatingmany parts and very materially simplifying the device thereby.

In the drawings the numeral "1 designates the frame of an internal combustion engine, and 2 the cylinder thereof. within which the piston 33 is operated from a crank shaft 4. through the piston rod 5,and projecting through one side of the cylinder is a spark plug 6. The form and structure of the engine itself is not material to this invention and the one illustrated is merely adopted as a convenient type thereof.

Specification of Lettersl atent. Patented J 119 6, 192% Application filed May 1, 1919. Serial No. 294,010.

Threaded into the upper end of the cylinder 2 is the inlet plug 7 having a chamher 8 thereinwhich is closed at one end by a plug 9 and extending from said chamber to the bottom of the plug is a port 10,which terminates at its bottom end in the flaring valve seat 11. Y

Operatively mounted Within said plug is the valve stem 12 having a globular valve 'l3vat one end and a spring 14 surrounding it, which abuts against one wall of the chamber 8 and againsta collar 15 fixed 0n the valve stem 12.

plunger 24- having a head 25 thereon and a collar 26 atone end thereof with a spring so as to move the plunger 24 upwardly,

- which upward movement is, limited by a lever 28 hinged to the frame at 29 and adjusted relatively to said frame by means of nuts 30 upon a stud 31 secured in said frame and, a sprin'gfl32 that normally holds the outer end of the -lever.28 in its up position. An impact mechanism is utilized to move the plunger in one direction and comprises a hammer 33 mounted upon a. shaft 34 supported in lugs 35 integral with the frame 16, a dog 36 also mounted onisaid shaft and the outer end of which rides on a cam 37 on' the shaft 38 that is rotated from-the crank shaft 4 through a sprocket chain 39 connecting a sprocket wheel 40 on said crank shaft with a similarwheel-41 on "the shaft 38; The relative position of the dog and.

hammer maybe varied through an ad'ust- 27' surrounding it and exerting its tension ing screw42 and the impact is obtaine for the hammer through the action of a spring 43 that bears one end against said hammer and the other end against check nuts 44 upon arod 45 that passesthrough the shank "of said hammer and is pivotally secured to the frame 16 by the pintle 46.

Assuming now that the port 19, chamber 1 8 and conductor pipe 21, chamber 8 and port 10 are filled with the combustion fluid to start the engine the crank shaft 4 is rowith suflicient pressure tated as is usual and through it the shaft 38 and cam 37 whereby the hammer 33 is lifted to its up position, as shown in Figure 1. When the end of the dog 36 passes over the notch of said cam, the spring 43 actuates the hammer 33 which strikes a blow upon the head 25 of the plunger, which moves downwardly upon the column of liquid with which it contacts and' the sudden impact or blow drives the liquid in the port 10 against the globular valve 13 to force the valve off its seat, and at the same time to break up the liquid into small particles, in brief, to atomize it, and by reason of the valve seat 11 and globular valve 13, will cause the same to spread outwardly in a spray or mist over a relatively extensive area and through the spark plug this spray is ignited and the explosion actuates the piston 3v in a well known manner. The then rotation of the crank shaft 4 imparts rotation to the sprocket disk 41 and the shaft 38 and cam 37 are thereafter rotated therewith and successive impacts on the plunger 24: by the hammer 33 produce an intermittent ad;- mission of the atomized fluid in the cylinder. During the up stroke of the plunger 24 the check valve 22 is lifted off its seat so as to admit fluid through the inlet pipe 20 and during the down stroke of said plunger the check valve -22 is held on its 'seat and the check valve 23 is lifted from its seat so as to permit the liquid to pass out of the port 19 into the conductor pipe 21.

In Figure 2, I have illustrated another form of inlet plug wherein the conductor pipe 21 is connected with the plug 9 and a spring 47 surrounds the valve stem 12 and imparts a rotary movement to the fluid-as it passes through-the port 10 and by reason thereof the spray receives a whirling or centrifugal motion and thereby increases the area of distribution of the spray within the cylinder. whirling of the fluid provides an additional force for atomizing it and producing a finer spray.

The admission of fuel into the cylinder of this engine is not effected in any manner by the speed of rotation thereof. In the engines heretofore made the fluid admission into the cylinder is less certain at slow speeds, thus causing skipping if the explosion and stoppage of the engine. Such a result is impossible in this engine, impact upon the column of oil is the same irrespective of the slowness of the speed of rotation thereof. f

" The timing of the cam 37 is such thatthe hammer strikes the head of the plunger as the piston is in its substantiallyup position.-

The adjustment of the dog 36 1n relation to the shank of the hammer 33 provides means In addition thereto, this as the combustion engine, and I would therefore have it understood that I do not limit myself to the exact construction herein de-L scribed and shown in the drawings, but I claim all that falls fairly within the spirit.-

and scope of the appended claims. 1

Having described my invention, what I. claim as'new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

-1. Means for admitting fluid into vthe cylinder of an internal combustion engine, comprising in part a member having a discharge stroke, and an impact mechanism for actuating said member for its discharge stroke.

2. Means for admitting fluid into the cylinderxof an internal combustion engine, comprising a pump, having a member therein with a discharge stroke, and. impact means for actuating said member for its discharge stroke.

3. Means for admitting .fluid' into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. comprising mechanism that acts upon sai fluid through an impact device.

4. Means for admitting atomized fluid;

into the cylinder of an internal combus tion engine, comprising in part a member in contact with said fluid, and impact mechanism for imparting movement to said fluid toward said cylinder.

In a combustion engine, tion with a valve for the admission of fluid into the cylinder thereof; of means for conducting the-fluid to said valve; a member havingcontact with said fluid; and an impagt mechanism associated with said mem-. her and providing the force for opening said valve through a shock impulse transmitted through said fluid. 1

6. In a combustion engine, the combination with a valve, having a flaring surface, for the admission of fluid into the cylinder thereof; of means for conducting the fluid to said valve; a member having contact with said fluid; and an impact mechanism associated with said member and providing the force for opening said valve through a shock impulse transmitted through said fluid.

7. In a fuel infection mechanism, the combination ofan injection valve which opens by applied pressure'of fluid fuel, and means to supply fluid fuel to the valve embodying the combinaa fuel pumping element, and impulse mech-- to supply fluid fuel to the valve embodying a fuel pumping element, and impulse mechanism to actuate said element by striking 1O trol the force of striking action of the impulse mechanism. f 9. In a combustion engine, the combination with a valve, for the admission of fluid into the cylinder thereof; of means'for conducting the fluid to said valve; a member having contact with said fluid; and a cam controlled impact device associated with said member and providing the force for opening said valve-through a shock impulse transmitted through said fluid.

10. In a combustion engine, the combination with a valve, for the admission'of fluid into. the c linder thereof; of means for conducting tie fluid to said valve; a' member having contact with said fluid; an impact mechanism associated with said 'member and providing the force for opening said valve; a cam,-in part controlling the movement of said impact device; and yielding action, and yielding means to vary and conmechanism connected withsaid valve .for

resisting the force of said impact device:

tion with a valve, for the-admission of fluid into the cylinder thereof; of impact actuated that opens therein and a flaring valve seat at said port opening; of a valve within said port and havin a flaring exterior portion;

means for holding said valve seated against the fluid column within said port; of a pump for supplying fluidfto said column; a member connected with said pump and contacting with said fluid; and a mechanically actuated, impact mechanism for moving said member in one direction.

16. In'a'combu'stion engine, the combination with the cylinder thereof ,having a port'that opens therein; of a valve operatively mounted within said port and when closed resisting the pressureof a column of fluid; of a pump for supplying fluid-to said column; a plunger within said pump; yielding'means for actuating said plunger in one direction; and mechanism for moving said i plunger in the opposite direction, said latter mechanism comprisingal m ner having an inconstant connection with said plunger, moving in one direction by positively act u- 'ated mechanism and in the opposite dire-:-

tion byyielding mechanism, V

17. In a combustion engine, the con'ib1nation with the cylinder thereof, of a piston within said cylinder; a crank shaft; a connection between said crank shaft and piston; an inlet valve in said cylinder when closed resisting thepressure of a column of fluid;

-iinpact mechanism for supplyingfluid to v 11. In a combustion engine, the combina- Q'mechanism associated therewith and pro viding the force transmitted through said fluidfor opening-said valve; and a check valve between the valve first mentioned and 40 said impact mechanism.

12. In a combustion engine, the combination with a valve, for the admission of fluid into the cylinder thereof, of an impact mechanism for opening said valve, comprising'a member in contact with said fluid, a hammer, positive means for lifting said hammer; and yielding means for actuatingsaid hammer during its impact movement.

13. In a combustion engine, the combina- 5 tion with a valve for the admissionof fluid into the cylinder thereof; of a mechanically centralled, blow actuated impact mechanism for opening said valve; and means for varying the force of said impact.

tion with a valve, in its closed position re- 14. In a combustion engine, the combinasisting pressure ofi-a column of fluid;- of

means, initiated by impact mechanism which transmits the force blow through said, column of fluid, thereby moving said valve tion with the cylinder thereof having a port with.

said column having an inconstant connection withthe parts receiving the force of its blow; and means connected with said crank shaft for controlling the. movement of said impact mechanism in one direction.

18. The combination with a pump having a member therein "mounted so as to have a discharge and suction movement, of means for actuating said member inone direction, comprising impact inechanism mounted aiid actuated so as to deliver a blow to said mem-' upon one side of said member and-which in one of its positions is at a point distant from said 20. The combination with a pump having a member therein mounted so as to have a discharge and suction movement, of means for actuating said member in one direction, comprising an. element set in motion prior to 'its contactwith said inember,; whereby said member receives a shock impulse for its initial movement.

21. The combination with a pump having a member therein mounted so as to have a discharge and suction movement, of means member and out of contact'theretively mounted for actuating said member in one direction, said means'comprismg a weighted element mounted so as to be moved toward and away from said member and actuated so as to acquire momentum before itengages said member, whereby said member receives a shock impulse for its initial movement.

22. In a combustion engine, the combination with the cylinder thereof having a port that opens therein; of a valve opera within said port and when closed resisting the pressure of a column of fluid; of a pump for supplying mounted within said port and when closed resisting the pressure of a column of fluid;

of a pump for supplying the fluid to said column; a plunger within said pump; yielding means for actuating said plunger 1n one direction; an impact mechanism for moving said plunger 11] the opposite direction; said latter mechanism comprising a hammer moving in one direction by positively actuated mechanism; and adjustable means for limiting the outward movement of said plunger.

24. In a combustion tion with the cylinder thereof; of an inlet port for admitting fluid to said cylinder; a

valve mounted within said port and when closed resisting the pressure of a column of fluid; an impact mechanism for admitting fluid to said column and through it to the interior of said cylinder, said impact mechanism comprising a hammer, a rotary cam, a dog between said hammer and cam whereby movement is imparted from said cam tosaid hammer; and spring means for moving said hammer in one direction whereby the impact force of said hammer is obtained by said yielding mechanism when said dog passes.

over a notch on said cam. I

25. In a combustion engine, the combination with the cylinder thereof; of an inlet port for admitting fluid to said cylinder; a valve mounted within said port and when closed resisting the pressure of a column of fluid; an impact mechanism for admitting fluid to said column and'through it to the engine, the combina interior .of said cylinder, said impact mechanism comprising a hammer, a rotary cam, a dog between said hammer and cam whereby movement is imparted from said cam to said hammer; -a spring having engagement with said hammer and exercising its tension so as to maintain said dog in contact with, said cam andcausing said hammer to strike on said cam. v

26. In a combustion engine, the combination with the cylinder thereof, of a piston operatively mounted therein; a crank shaft;

a connection between said piston and cranky shaft; a pump; a conductor pipe between;

said pump and cylinder; a valve forcontrolling the supply of fluid tosaid cylinder; as plunger in said pump; a rotary shaft; an operative connection between said shafts; a cam on said rotary shaft; a pivotally-mount-- ed hammer; a dogconnected with said ham mer contacting with said cam; and a spring engaging said hammer for moving the same when not actuated by said cam. r

27. In a combustion engine, the combination with the cylinder thereof, of a piston operatively mounted therein; a crank shaft; a connection between said piston and crank shaft; apump; a conductorpipe between said pumpand cylinder; a valve for con trolling thesupply of fluid to said cylinder; a plunger in said pump; and an impagt mechanism, intermittently actuated its blow when said dog passes over a notch from saidcrank shaft for operating said said valve; means foradmitting fluid to said open space; and impact mechanism for moving said valve off its seat, forcing said fluid between it and said valve .seat. a

29. Means for admitting fluid into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine at predetermined periods through the action of impact mechanism whereby a shock impulse is imparted to said fluid.

30. In a fuel injection mechanism, a fuel pumping element, impulse mechanism to actuate said element by striking action, and means to control and vary the forceof said strikl mg action. I

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature.

STEPHEN A. HASBROUCK.

the combinai plunger and applying pressure 'to the fluidifi 

